Abstract
Although pyometra is a common disease, the mechanisms that determine cervical opening remain unknown. Knowing that the vascular structures are crucial in pathophysiology, it was observed need for hemodynamic studies assessing uterine artery of female dogs with pyometra and its relation to the neck opening. Thirty-five female dogs were selected and separate into three groups: control group (CG) (n = 12), open-cervix pyometra group (OCG) (n = 11) and closed-cervix pyometra group (CCG) (n = 12), with the objective of evaluating and comparing the hemodynamic changes of the uterine artery [peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistance index (RI)] in female dogs with open- and closed-cervix pyometra and correlate them with measurements of uterine diameter (UD) and endometrial thickness (ET). The correlation analysis showed that, with the exception of PSV, the hemodynamics indices were associated with UD and ET, presenting a moderate and positive correlation between UD and EDV (r = 0.62; P<0.01), a moderate and negative correlation between UD and RI (r =-0.68; P<0.01) and also moderate and negative correlation between ET and RI (r = -0.62; P<0.01). These results suggest that alterations of uterine artery hemodynamics are similar in dog females with open- or closed-cervix pyometra, although the UD and the ET can influence in the uterine perfusion.
Highlights
Pyometra is a uterine disease that occurs in females of several species, including dogs (Blanco et al, 2018)
The hemodynamic changes of the uterine artery observed in animals with pyometra were related to uterine diameter (UD) and endometrial thickness (ET), these findings were similar in female dogs with open- and closed-cervix pyometra
The mean weight was equivalent for the closed-cervix pyometra group (CCG) and open-cervix pyometra group (OCG) (CG) and CCG (8.49 ± 2.21 kg e 11.55 ± 2.40 kg, respectively), but it was statistically different for the OCG (18.19 ± 2.30) (Figure 1a), suggesting that medium to largesized animals were more susceptible to open-cervix pyometra
Summary
Pyometra is a uterine disease that occurs in females of several species, including dogs (Blanco et al, 2018). Some studies have tried to define the mechanisms of cervical opening in female dogs with pyometra, it is still unclear which mechanisms are responsible for cervical opening or closing (Prapaiwan et al, 2017) Such knowledge has clinical relevance because even if the treatment choice is surgical removal of the infectious origin, in cases of closed-cervix pyometra that have high risks of sepsis (Jitpean et al, 2017), the hysterectomy in some female dogs may not be the best approach, such as in breeding stock or in patients who presents concomitant illnesses that momentarily increase the risks of anesthesia and/or surgical procedures and, require stabilization prior to the surgical procedure (Hagman, 2018)
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