Uterine artery embolization versus hysterectomy in the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids: 2 years’ outcome from the randomized EMMY trial

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the 2 years' efficiency of uterine artery embolization (UAE) with hysterectomy in the treatment of menorrhagia caused by uterine fibroids in a randomized controlled trial. Twenty-eight Dutch hospitals recruited patients with uterine fibroids and menorrhagia, who were eligible for hysterectomy. Patients were randomized to UAE or hysterectomy. The primary endpoint was if UAE could avoid a subsequent hysterectomy in at least 75% of cases. Secondary endpoints were changes in pain, bulk-related complaints, and uterine and dominant fibroid volume reduction. One hundred seventy-seven patients were randomized to UAE (n = 88) or hysterectomy (n = 89). Two years after treatment 23.5% of UAE patients had undergone a hysterectomy. There were no significant differences in improvement compared to baseline in pain and bulk-related complaints. Uterine and dominant fibroid volume reduction in UAE patients was 48.2% and 60.5%, respectively. UAE is a valuable alternative treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids. Nevertheless, when patients seek for certainty on the cessation of bleeding problems, a hysterectomy remains the treatment of choice.