Uterine artery embolization (UAE) for diffuse leiomyomatosis of the uterus: Clinical and imaging results

Abstract

PurposeThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the management of diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis with mid-term follow-up. Materials and methodsAll patients who underwent UAE between 2008 and 2010 for symptomatic fibroids were analyzed. Among 360 cases, a total of 7 patients with diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis diagnosed based on MRI were included in this retrospective study. Patient ages ranged from 29 to 38 (mean 32.7) years. The median follow-up period was 16 (range; 6–31) months. The embolic agent was non-spherical polyvinyl alcohol particles. All patients underwent follow-up MRI at 3months after UAE. Uterine volumes were calculated using MRI. Menorrhagia symptom changes were assessed at mid-term follow-up. ResultsThere were no technical failures to catheterize the uterine artery and no adverse events requiring therapy after UAE. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed complete necrosis of the leiomyomatous nodules in 5 patients (71%) 3months after embolization. Two patients (28%) showed mostly leiomyomatous nodules that were necrotized, some of which were still viable. All 7 patients with menorrhagia had improvement of symptoms at the mid-term follow-up. The initial mean uterine volume was 601.30±533.92cm3 and was decreased to a mean of 278.81±202.70cm3 at 3months follow-up, for a mean uterus volume reduction rate of 50.1% (p<0.05). One patient became pregnant 5months after UAE treatment. ConclusionUAE was a highly effective treatment for diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis with mid-term durability and may be a valuable alternative to hysterectomy.