Usual Intake of Resistant Starch by Diabetes Group in US Adults: NHANES 2013–2018

Abstract

Abstract Objectives To examine differences in the usual intake of dietary resistant starch (RS) in US adults across diabetes group (no diabetes, prediabetes, diabetes) and age categories (20–39y, 40–59y, ≥60y) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013 – 2018 cycles. Methods RS values from a published database were matched to food codes reportedly consumed by each participant who had one or more reliable 24-hour dietary recall. Demographic (age & sex), laboratory (glycated hemoglobin), diabetes questionnaire, and dietary datasets were included in the analyses. Diabetes group was determined by participant responses to the diabetes questionnaire and glycated hemoglobin (HgA1c) values. Prediabetes and diabetes were defined as having HgA1c values between 5.7% and 6.4% and ≥ 6.5%, respectively. Usual RS intake was calculated using the National Cancer Institute method. RS intake data were adjusted for energy and are presented as mean g ± SEM (99% CI). Independent samples t-tests were used to compare mean intake across sub-populations of interest and P < 0.01 indicates statistical significance. Results 14,640 adults (48.7% male) were included in the analyses. Overall usual RS intake was comparable between males (2.0 ± 0.034 g/1,000 kcal) and females (2.0 ± 0.031 g/1,000 kcal; P = 0.623). RS intake differed among diabetes group within each age category in females (P < 0.001), where RS intake was lowest in the no diabetes group (1.9 ± 0.038 g/1,000 kcal) and greatest in the diabetes group (2.2 ± 0.060 g/1,000 kcal). However, RS intake did not differ in males across diabetes group within each age category. Conclusions Females with diabetes had higher usual intake of RS compared to those with prediabetes and no diabetes across all age categories. However, we did not observe this same finding in males. Overall, males and females consumed similar amounts of RS when adjusting for energy. It is unclear if RS intake differed by sex based on unadjusted, or total, daily energy intake. Future research is needed to understand if greater usual intake of RS in adults with diabetes corresponds to improved glycemic outcomes. Funding Sources None.