Abstract
The text deals with the analysis of the doctrine of neoliberalism as the dominant political-economic direction of a modern capitalist society. The paper first points to the meaning of the term itself, taking into account the numerous specificities and contradictions that this direction brings with it. An analysis of the works of the most significant representatives of neoliberal thought attempts to determine the basic values and principles governing neoliberal theorists, and whether neoliberalism can be considered the successor to classical liberalism or if it is a completely new direction in the development of economic thought. It pointed to the historical circumstances that led to the seemingly forgotten policy of economic liberalism becoming the mainstay of economic science in the 1980s. Also, the policy of neo-liberalism has had its practical operationalization, first in Latin American countries, but above all in the United States and Great Britain, where it is also known as "reganomics" or "Thatcherism". The transition of post-socialist economies has emerged as a major issue at the end of the last century, with a considerable number of countries approaching this problem in line with the recommendations of international financial institutions and programs based on the principles of neoliberalism. In this regard, the paper analyzes the main values of the neoliberal trend, as well as the historical circumstances that led to neoliberalism becoming the dominant socio-economic doctrine.
Highlights
Koncept neoliberalizma ukazuje na poseban put razvoja liberalne misli
A Brief History of Neoliberalism, New York, Oxford University Press
Summary
Sažetak: Tekst se bavi analizom doktrine neoliberalizma kao dominantnog političko-ekonomskog pravca savremenog kapitalističkog društva. Analizom radova najznačajnijih predstavnika neoliberalne misli pokušava se utvrditi koje su to osnovne vrednosti i načela kojima se rukovode neoliberalni teoretičari i da li se neoliberalizam može smatrati naslednikom klasičnog liberalizma ili je zapravo u pitanju potpuno novi pravac u razvoju ekonomske misli. Ukazano je na istorijske prilike koje su dovele do toga da jedna, činilo se tada već pomalo zaboravljena politika ekonomskog liberalizma postane mejnstrim ekonomske nauke osamdesetih godina prošlog veka. Politika neoliberalizma imala je i svoju praktičnu operacionalizaciju, najpre u zemljama Latinske Amerike, ali pre svega u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama i Velikoj Britaniji, gde je poznata i kao „reganomika”, odnosno „tačerizam”. S tim u vezi, u radu se analiziraju glavne vrednosti neoliberalnog pravca, ali i istorijske okolnosti koje su dovele do toga da neoliberalizam postane dominantna društveno-ekonomska doktrina. Ključne reči: neoliberalizam / Vašingtonski konsenzus / liberalizam / sloboda / uloga države / šok terapija
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