Abstract
Wind energy, despite being considered clean and renewable, has negative impacts in the social and environmental scope, significantly altering coastal areas and the interior of Northeast Brazil, this is mainly due to the new land uses arising from the installation of wind towers. Thus, the objective of this research was to analyze changes in land use and occupation of agricultural areas exploited by wind energy, to identify the potential of these agricultural areas for the construction of wind farms and to verify the reconciliation between wind and agricultural activity. Primary and secondary data collection was used, covering semi-structured interviews and analysis of satellite images. The study area was the municipality of Serra do Mel, located in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The results obtained were processed in the geographic information system QGIS and demonstrated through thematic maps and graphs. It was possible to conclude that the installation of wind farms caused few changes in the classes of use and occupation of the land, it was found that the agricultural areas of Serra do Mel have great potential for wind energy due to the speed of the winds and the condition of the land and identified there is also the possibility of reconciling agricultural and wind activity.
Highlights
A pesar de ser considerada limpia y renovable, tiene impactos negativos en el ámbito social y ambiental, alterando significativamente las zonas costeras y el interior del Nordeste brasileño, esto se debe principalmente a los nuevos usos del suelo derivados de la instalación de torres eólicas
Para o alcance dos objetivos aplicou-se a técnica de contraste linear para realçar as feições de interesses, por meio de combinações de bandas, cores e contrastes de modo a extrair o máximo de informações das imagens, onde foram usadas as bandas (3, 4, e 5) dos sensores Landsat-8
Avaliando os mapas de uso e ocupação do solo, foi possível concluir que a instalação de parques eólicos não provocou mudanças significativas nas classes de solo exposto, área agrícola e vegetação nativa do município de Serra do Mel. Assim, os impactos provocados pelo uso agrícola e pela precipitação pluviométrica no mesmo período foram mais intensos que os provocados pelo uso da terra para construção de parques eólicos
Summary
Despite being considered clean and renewable, has negative impacts in the social and environmental scope, significantly altering coastal areas and the interior of Northeast Brazil, this is mainly due to the new land uses arising from the installation of wind towers. The objective of this research was to analyze changes in land use and occupation of agricultural areas exploited by wind energy, to identify the potential of these agricultural areas for the construction of wind farms and to verify the reconciliation between wind park and agricultural activity. The study area was the municipality of Serra do Mel, located in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. It was possible to conclude that the installation of wind farms caused few changes in the classes of land use and occupation, that the agricultural areas of Serra do Mel have great potential for wind energy due to the speed of the winds and the condition of the land and that there is the possibility of reconciliation of agricultural and wind activity
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