Abstract
The aim of this work was to verify whether there are statistically significant correlation between the concentrations of lead in blood (Pb-B) and urine (Pb-U). Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was used in the determination of lead concentration in biological material. Venous blood and spot urine were collected from workers occupationally exposed (95), adults (130) and children up to 15 years old (22) environmentally exposed. After a test showing significant differences between Pb-U and the three categories previously determined, cutting points for Pb-U were established to predict Pb-B values by the ROC curve. Thus, it is expected that Pb-B is lower than 10 microg.dL-(1) with Pb-U up to 0.55 microg.dL-(1), whereas lead levels in blood below 27.6 microg.dL-(1) are expected when the amount of the metal in urine is lower than 2.05 microg.dL-(1). So, urine can be used to replace blood for the assessment of the occupational exposure to lead. However, caution is advised in the case of environmental exposure, since urinary lead should be used just as an estimation of the metal content in blood.
Highlights
The aim of this work was to verify whether there are statistically significant correlation between the concentrations of lead in blood (Pb-B) and urine (Pb-U)
Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was used in the determination of lead concentration in biological material
Venous blood and spot urine were collected from workers occupationally exposed (95), adults (130) and children up to 15 years old (22) environmentally exposed
Summary
As amostras de sangue foram coletadas em tubos a vácuo heparinizados, específicos para a determinação de elementos-traço. O material era enxaguado com água corrente em abundância e, em seguida, imerso em uma solução de ácido nítrico a 10% (v/v) para a descontaminação por, pelo menos, 48 horas. As amostras de sangue venoso e de urina pontual foram coletadas entre trabalhadores expostos ocupacionalmente (95), pessoas expostas ambientalmente (130) e crianças até 15 anos (22) também expostas ambientalmente. As categorias foram determinadas após a escolha de dois pontos de corte, baseados na experiência do setor, com resultados da concentração de chumbo no sangue de indivíduos com diferentes situações de exposição ao metal, e também em concordância com o limite superior de [27,6] mg.dL-1 para o valor de referência estabelecido pela Comunidade Européia 25. Todo o tratamento estatístico dos dados foi realizado com o SPSS versão 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Estados Unidos)
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