Uso de medicación antipsicótica durante el embarazo

Abstract

The use of medication in pregnancy is always a problematic issue, given the lack of sufficient data on which to base clinical decisions, as well as the associated uncertainty. Except in clear cases of teratogenicity, such as thalidomide, or in the case of psychotropic drugs —valproic acid—, the use of medication in pregnancy is always a matter of common sense, and above all, of a careful risk-benefit evaluation. In mental illness, the risks to the mother and the foetus in the absence of treatment can far exceed those arising from exposure to medication, especially in the case of serious mental disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or severe depression.In the case of antipsychotic medication, the available knowledge about its effects on foetal development, the neonatal period, and long-term neurological and behavioural development is limited. This makes it difficult to establish a general criterion for its use, especially if it is taken into account that the conclusions and recommendations derived from the available studies are not always coincident. This forces the clinician to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of these drugs under conditions of uncertainty, including the risks that the interruption of treatment would entail, and to do so in a context of clear information and shared decisions for the patient.