Abstract
In this work, a method of recalculation of results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique to Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method was elaborated for biosorption studies. Equations that calibrate XRF to ICP-OES were determined, as a biosorbent strawberry, blackcurrant and raspberry seeds after supercritical CO2 extraction were used. ICP-OES showed a better precision and lower detection limits than XRF. The latter technique is cheaper, requires minimal sample preparation and gives faster results. Linear regression of the data gave almost 1:1 correlations without additional correction (for Cu r2 = 0.9998, Mn r2 = 0.807, Zn r2 = 0.979). Calibration and quantification of intensities of XRF was obtained using ICP-OES measurements after samples digestion with HNO3 in a microwave system. High positive correlations were estimated for Cu, Mn, Zn. It was demonstrated that XRF technique can be used together with other well established techniques (ICP-OES) to produce quantitative data from biosorption studies. Elaboration of cheap and quick analytical methodology is an important aspect in development of new processes and products based on biosorption process.
Highlights
IntroductionDeveloping sustainable analytical methods can significantly reduce the use of concentrated mineral acids (e.g., nitric acid), that are required for samples digestion, energy required to operate analytical instruments (e.g., plasma spectrometers) or technical gases
Developing sustainable analytical methods can significantly reduce the use of concentrated mineral acids, that are required for samples digestion, energy required to operate analytical instruments or technical gases
The content of elements in the enriched biomass was examined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
Summary
Developing sustainable analytical methods can significantly reduce the use of concentrated mineral acids (e.g., nitric acid), that are required for samples digestion, energy required to operate analytical instruments (e.g., plasma spectrometers) or technical gases. This is the area of GAC (Green Analytical Chemistry). It is an important challenge because the use of this approach reduces the use of non-environmentally friendly chemicals and energy. Fast and environmentally friendly analytical methods is the challenge to increase demand for low-chemicals and low-energy consuming and cheap methodologies
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