Abstract

In recent years, research on landscape perception has been generally overoptimistic about the use of virtual reality (VR); however, few have questioned the validity of VR. It is necessary to examine whether on-site stimulation can be substituted by VR. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of agreement between on-site survey and VR for landscape perception. The sample included 11 representative landscapes from Tsuchiura city and Tsukuba city, Japan. On-site survey data was collected for 17 items related to aesthetic preference and landscape cognition. The same scenes were produced by VR and same survey data as on-site was collected. The agreement of both the overall mean of all landscapes and the ratings of all individuals in each landscape confirmed the high level of concordance of most cognitive attributes between the two stimuli. The findings support immersive VR as a reliable tool for assessing landscape cognition.

Highlights

  • Public perceptions are related to and based on environmental attributes [1]

  • Statistical analysis for all of the vistas supports immersive virtual reality (VR) as a reliable tool to replace on-site investigations, this result should be applied with caution, because the general landscape is not represented by each panorama but rather only specific views at specific sites, which is in line with that mentioned in previous research [2,22,47,48]

  • We found that VR is not as effective in the recognition of “quiet” as normal photos or panoramic photos

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Summary

Introduction

Public perceptions are related to and based on environmental attributes [1]. It is essential to understand people’s landscape perceptions and aesthetic preferences to effectively design and set planning standards. These sensory experiences were previously only possible through real-life interactions. Traditional and mainstream environmental experiences require people to visit the site in person, which is expensive and time-consuming, and hinders the variety of landscape types that can be studied [2]. Since the 1970s, scholars have studied the representation validity of different visual materials to simulate landscapes, in order to find a simpler, cheaper, safer, and more transparent landscape evaluation method than on-site assessment. As technology continues to advance, stimulating media have been expanding, from photographs, computer bitmaps and videos to virtual reality (VR) [2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]

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