Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most characteristic agricultural trees of the Mediterranean region and has a large number of cultivar diversity. Olive cultivar characterization is very important especially for the fruit productivity and olive oil quality. In the present study, 46 clones belonging to Turkey (eight cultivars, each having five clones) and Italy (two cultivars, each having three clones) were assessed for cultivar characterization via inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) marker systems using 10 LTR and 10 ISSR primers. In total, 368 band profiles were obtained, 358 of which are polymorphic (97.28% polymorphism). The cultivars were segregated into three main groups, each group having several branches, where all the clones of each cultivar were belonging to the same main group. The only exception to that was the distribution of the clones of cultivar Yaglik, 'Yaglik 4' and 'Yaglik 5', into different main groups. IRAP and REMAP analysis showed a high level of genetic variability among the olive cultivars in this study and this marker systems would be useful tool for clonal selection programs.
Highlights
Olive (Olea europea L.) has more than 2600 cultivars, and has been cultivated since the ancient times in the Mediterranean area, where it is still the most significant oil-producing crop, the region accounts for not less than 97% of the world production and 91% of world consumption of olive oil (Luchetti, 1993; Rugini and Lavee, 1992; Zohary and Hopf, 1994)
This variability in olive cultivars makes the cultivar identification extremely difficult, which is crucial for the determination of olive productivity and oil quality, i.e., properties inherited to a variety (Fiorino and Rallo, 1999)
Wide range of DNA molecular marker types have been used for genetic variability and cultivar identification of olive during the last ten years such as RAPDs (Hess et al, 2000; Bronzini de Caraffa et al, 2002; Martins-Lopes et al, 2007; Zitoun et al, 2008; Awan et al, 2011; Figueiredo et al, 2013), AFLPs (Grati-Kamoun et al, 2006; Montemurro et al 2008; Albertini et al, 2011), ISSRs (Gomes et al 2008; Martin-Lopes et al, 2009; Beiki et al, 2012), SSRs (Muzzalupo et al, 2009; Belaj et al, 2010; Corrado et al 2011; Cicatelli et al, 2013), SNPs (Reale et al, 2006), DArTs (Atienza et al, 2013)
Summary
Olive (Olea europea L.) has more than 2600 cultivars, and has been cultivated since the ancient times in the Mediterranean area, where it is still the most significant oil-producing crop, the region accounts for not less than 97% of the world production and 91% of world consumption of olive oil (Luchetti, 1993; Rugini and Lavee, 1992; Zohary and Hopf, 1994). IRAP and REMAP marker systems, in contrast to other techniques, characterize large genetic dissimilaries in the cultivars. Retrotransposon-based marker systems are an important source of plant genetic diversity and this system mostly use PCR to reproduce a segment of genomic DNA at this link (Kalendar and Schulman, 2006).
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