Abstract
Abstract Annual growth was measured from increment cores extracted from 105 willow oaks (Quercus phellos L.) growing in seven locations in the metropolitan Washington, DC, area. Sample sites were selected to represent a range of planting specifications. In general, annual incremental growth was least in the transplant year, followed by 3–6 years of increasing growth rates that met or exceeded growth rates in the nursery. Five of the sites supported growth rates similar to open-grown trees, in a semi-natural, park-like setting, while trees growing in an irrigated, fertilized tree lawn had substantially higher growth rates. Our findings suggest that planting specifications can overcome many of the limitations to tree growth imposed by the urban environment, at least during the first 15 years following installation.
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