Abstract
Objective: In January of 2013, the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence of United Kingdom have announced that taking tamoxifen for five years could reduce breast cancer risk, include positive family history or chronic estrogen and phytoestrogen users. However, routinely oral intake of tamoxifen for breast cancer prophylaxis on high risk women is occasionally difficult because of its potential side effects. The intention of this study is to prove transdermal delivery by using minimal dose of tamoxifen and phytonutrients for breast protection. Methods: We retrospectively studied 2795 breast MRI images from Taiwanese women and classified them as either healthy or unhealthy according to BI-RADS categories. A subgroup of the study patients had received estrogen supplements containing estrogen components or phytoestrogen for at least 3 months. Based on breast MRI analysis, these 2 groups were compared and found significant different. The overuse of estrogen or phytoestrogen supplements can increase breast glandular tissue proliferation, as reflected in MRI images. Such proliferation may increase the risk of future breast cancer. We also studied the efficacy of tamoxifen and the phytonutrients to inhibit proliferation of mammary glandular cell, as well as their transdermal absorption in animal models. Results: We demonstrated cell proliferative change of normal breast cells (MCF-10a) under estrogen treatment. For studied of transdermal absorption by topical application, we used Franz cell with artificial skin membrane to demonstrate positive transdermal diffusion using animal urine/feces, blood samples and subcutaneous skin retention for HPLC analysis. Conclusion: We successful demonstrate the transdermal absorption of topical application of tamoxifen and phytonutrients; it may help to reduce breast cancer development in regular estrogen and phytoestrogen users.
Highlights
Numerous studies have demonstrated that hormonal replacement therapy (HRT; estrogen plus progesterone) increases the risk of breast cancer [1,2,3,4,5]
We analyzed the results for all 2795 images of women who had received breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening at our hospital
Within the total study group was a subgroup of 219 women who had reported taking estrogen or phytoestrogen regularly for at least 3 months
Summary
Numerous studies have demonstrated that hormonal replacement therapy (HRT; estrogen plus progesterone) increases the risk of breast cancer [1,2,3,4,5]. Since 2000 the use of HRT has decreased substantially in the general population of some Western countries, such as Germany It was found a corresponding decline, noted in breast cancer incidence between 2000 and 2005 [6]. When considering the risk of breast cancer and the associated benefits of ERT in postmenopausal women, the impact of ERT on the quality of life, bone metabolism, and cardiovascular functionality should be assessed because the benefits associated with ERT may outweigh the risks in healthy postmenopausal women [11]. Determining such risks and associated benefits is difficult, and depends on individual circumstances [12]. The mechanisms of initiating versus promoting hormone-sensitive cancer types, of breast cancer, are not fully understood [13,14,15]
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