Abstract
This study analyzes social perceptions towards groups with different types of disability, as well as the relationship between the judgments towards these groups, oneself and other significant individuals. The assessment was carried out using a Semantic Differential scale completed by181 participants. Results supported the Stereotype Content Model, as the different groups with disabilities were perceived in a more uniform way than those who did not share this label, and people with intellectual disability elicited paternalistic feelings. The results also support a two-factor model to explore the content of the stereotypes. Understanding the factors that contribute to the formation of social judgments is key to the implementation of actions that modify stereotypes and prejudices and promote equity.
Highlights
This study analyzes social perceptions towards groups with different types of disability, as well as the relationship between the judgments towards these groups, oneself and other significant individuals
Context is key when determining which of the two fundamental dimensions of warmth and competence will have more significant influence on social judgment (Smith & Semin 2007), and so, high-status groups tend to see themselves as more competent than warm, while the opposite is true for low-status groups
We propose that it is possible to draw a parallel between the dimensions of warmth and evaluation, and between the dimensions of competence and potency; these dimensions are the most relevant for the development of social judgments
Summary
This study analyzes social perceptions towards groups with different types of disability, as well as the relationship between the judgments towards these groups, oneself and other significant individuals. These referents, by virtue of their perceived social value, are capable of eliciting an attitudinal response In this sense, attitudes can be conceived as mediators between a stimulus from the environment and behavioral responses (Arias, Arias, Verdugo, Rubia, & Jenaro, 2016). The process of interpersonal perception results in the subjective perception of the social environment (i.e., the others) or social judgments In this regard, according to the Stereotype Content Model (SCM) (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002), there are two fundamental dimensions of social judgments about individuals and social groups, namely, warmth (e.g., friendliness, trustworthiness, kindness), and competence (e.g., intelligence, efficacy, skills) (Abele, Cuddy, Judd, & Yzerbyt, 2008; Binggeli, Krings, & Sczesny, 2014; Kotzur, Forsbach, & Wagner, 2017; Ponsi, Panasiti, Scandola, & Aglioti, 2016). Context is key when determining which of the two fundamental dimensions of warmth and competence will have more significant influence on social judgment (Smith & Semin 2007), and so, high-status groups tend to see themselves as more competent than warm, while the opposite is true for low-status groups (de Paula Couto & Koller, 2012; Nier, Bajaj, McLean, & Schwartz, 2013; Oldmeadow & Fiske, 2012; Richetin et al 2012)
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