Using the risk analysis index to assess frailty in a veteran cohort undergoing endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

Abstract

ObjectiveSurgical frailty is strongly associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. The risk analysis index (RAI) is a validated frailty score system, which has been shown to predict for short-term outcomes and long-term mortality in various surgical subspecialties. In the present study, we applied the frailty score to a veteran aneurysm population who had undergone nonemergent endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). MethodsAfter obtaining institutional review board approval, the Veteran Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program data were queried for endovascular repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm or dissection using the Current Procedural Terminology codes 34,800, 34,803, and 34,805 from 2001 to 2018. The preoperative variables were used to calculate the RAI score. The patients were placed into six cohorts according to the RAI score (≤20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 35-40, and ≥41). The χ2 test and analysis of variance test were used compare the cohorts. Forward logistic regression modeling was used to determine the risks of each cohort. ResultsFrom 2001 to 2018, 5568 patients had undergone EVAR. Of the 5568 patients, 99.6% were male, with a mean age of 71 ± 8 years. Of these patients, 4.5%, 43.8%, 33.9%, 11.7%, 4.2%, and 1.8% were included in the following RAI groups: ≤20, 21 to 25, 26 to 30, 31 to 35, 35 to 40, and ≥41, respectively. Frailty was associated with increased rates of overall complications, death, and an increased length of stay. When risk adjusted, frailty at the highest vs lowest level was associated with 2.7 times the odds of any complication developing and 4.4 times the odds of mortality ≤30 days. ConclusionsFrailty, as determined by the RAI, was associated with postoperative outcomes in a dose-dependent manner. Frailty was associated with higher rates of major cardiac (myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest), pulmonary (pneumonia, failure to wean from ventilation, reintubation), renal (renal failure), overall complications, length of stay, and death. We recommend the use of this frailty index as a screening tool to guide discussions with patients scheduled to undergo EVAR.