Using the History of Technology to Connect Art and Chemistry in a Science of Art Course for Nonscience Majors

Abstract

Technological advances throughout history have not only led to advances in science but have also provided artists and designers new mediums of expression. In order to provide an approachable context to present chemical content to nonscience majors, a science of art curriculum was designed to present chemical content in correlation to art history highlighting technological advancements. The format of this course is designed to build in scientific complexity as it follows advancements in technology and art. With a concentration on visual art, the course starts with light and measurement and then introduces prehistoric cave paintings and their limited palette. Foundational chemistry is presented with the introduction of pigments found in ancient Egypt. Chemical reactions and stoichiometry are evaluated by precipitation of pigments, the formation of Greek pottery, and the chemistry of frescoes. As technology advances, oil painting is developed in the early Renaissance and provides context for the introduction of chemical bonding and organic chemistry. Technological breakthroughs over the past 200 years provide an entirely new method of expression with the discovery of synthetic dyes, photography, acrylic paints, and polymers. These advances allow for better scientific understanding and an expansion of artists palettes. Students are evaluated using a pretest and posttest Chemical Concepts Inventory and also express that connection between science and art enable them to better utilize existing and future technologies in their fields.