Abstract
Purpose
 Personal management of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is very important in preventing complications of other diseases for infected patients. We aimed to develop the mathematical models for predicting the performance of personal T2DM management.
 Methods
 We proposed three hypotheses as the basic principles to develop the fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) models. We tested and validated these two models using the FBS and HbA1c data collected from two clinical laboratories in Malaysia and one clinical laboratory in Indonesia from 16 March 2009 to 29 May 2016.
 Results
 Using the power FBS model permits us to predict the FBS level of below 6 mmol/L after 1277 days of the T2DM management. Using the logarithmic HbA1c model permits to predict the HbA1c level in blood of below 6.4% after 2553 days of the T2DM management but never reaches below 6%. We verified that correlation between the FBS and HbA1c data is able to get an excellent fit with linear regression.
 Conclusions
 Person with T2DM can set goals for managing his disease and lifetime metabolic control to get better health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and should pay attention to the main determinants of HRQoL. Using the FBS and HbA1c models as strategic analysis tool permits us to predict the effectiveness of T2DM management with an ultimate improvement in his quality of life to take care of himself.
Highlights
Despite of the prevalence of diabetes among people aged 20 - 79 years in Indonesia was recorded to be around 4.8% for the year 2012 [1], the rising risk of diabetes is mostly due to the population growth, aging, urbanization, and increased prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity [2]
In addition to diabetes-related complications, depression, hypoglycemic episodes, fear of hypoglycemia, and change in lifestyle are most related to decrease the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) [6]; the remission of Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) would be a practical target for primary care [7]
The objectives of this study are: (1) to develop the empirical models for predicting the level of HbA1c in the blood based on the fasting blood sugar (FBS) value after ten years experience of managing T2DM for the person living with type-2 diabetes, (2) to identify the situations where personal safety is at risk and outlining ways to reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications to be predicted using the FBS and HbA1c models, and (3) to share the personal experience of managing the T2DM with other people that intend to improve the HRQoL among the T2DM patients
Summary
Despite of the prevalence of diabetes among people aged 20 - 79 years in Indonesia was recorded to be around 4.8% for the year 2012 [1], the rising risk of diabetes is mostly due to the population growth, aging, urbanization, and increased prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity [2]. People with diabetes have to face many complications if they are without care of good metabolic control [5]. It has been reported that HRQoL of person is associated with age, gender, economic development, education, and marital status [8]. It emerges that HRQoL and treatment satisfaction are both influenced by socio-demographic and clinical characteristics while the HRQoL of T2DM patient can be improved by receiving more attention in his health and economic status [9]. The best defense against complications of T2DM is to take a good care of the lifetime metabolic control by maintaining the normal blood sugar levels of 4.0 to 6.0 mmol/L, keeping active, and making healthy choices [15]
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