Abstract
This article has been retracted at the request of the corresponding author. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents an abuse of the scientific publishing system due to multiple submission of the same paper. The multiple submission remained hidden due to the publication in the Jordan Journal of Economic Sciences which is published in Arabic. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process. Yours sincerely, Marco Landi Editor-in-Chief of American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Highlights
Following the second objective of the research, this study focuses on using the data of a single country, Jordan, to show the characteristics of the environmental issues related to CO2 emissions and the relationship of those emissions with the economic growth in that country
We describe the functional relationship between CO2 emissions and the per-capita real GDP, representing economic growth, in the following format: CO2t = f (GDPt,GDPt2, ENt )
One of the important results that the study showed is between the CO2 emissions and the economic growth in the Jordanian economy confirms the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, the existence of a bi-directional causal relationship between the GDP and the environmental indicators
Summary
A Introduction The focus on environmental issues started in the early 1970 s when the first environmental conference, which was organized by the United Nations, was held in. The study analyzes the relationship between economic indicators compound source that provides a group of goods and like economic growth and energy consumption with the services. R bi-directional causal relationship between the real GDP, energy consumption and the emission of the pollutants. The authors showed the existence of a strong, bi-directional causal relationship between output and energy consumption on one side and the emission of the pollutants on the other side. The study showed the existence of a strong long-run 1980-2010, except for the span of 1988-1991 when real relationship among all the variables, supporting the EKC GDP declined. The. Jordan depends largely on the imports of energy resources, like crude oil, oil products and natural transportation sector is the largest producer of CO2 emissions, averaging 21% during that period (Fig. 2). In 2006, natural gas consumption represented 28% of total energy consumption and it increased to 40% in 2009 (MENR, 2012)
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