Abstract
The accurate source depth of earthquake is important for understanding plate-tectonic processes and structure of seismic faults, identifying natural earthquake and non-natural earthquake. The amplitude formula of seismic surface wave shows that the amplitude of surface wave is closely related to the focal mechanism, the azimuth from epicenter to station and the source depth. When the focal mechanism and the observation position are determined, the excitation energy of surface wave is sensitive to source depth. The surface wave amplitude spectrum can be applied to determine the focal depth. The amplitude energy of shallow earthquake shows the “notch” phenomenon in band of frequency between 0.01 and 0.08 Hz in amplitude spectra, i.e. the attenuation of amplitude energy. The position of the frequency-dependent “notch” is related to the source depth. In this study, the relationship between the position of the “notch” and the source depth is analyzed by theoretical seismogram. We obtain the amplitude spectrums of the far-field at different source depths and then locate the source depth by means of comparing with observed seismic waveforms. By the amplitude spectrum of theoretical surface wave, small changes in the source depth can cause the variation of the amplitude spectrum so that the source depth of shallow earthquake can be accurately determined. The focal mechanism is coupled with the source depth. In order to analyze the influence of the disturbance of source mechanism to source depth determination, the focal mechanism of Jiuzhaigou earthquake was inversed, with disturbance of 10 degrees to strike, dip and rake. The results show only rather small changes in locating depth. In order to eliminate the influence of low frequency noise, shear wave and surface wave of short-period on amplitude spectra, this study adopts the AK135 velocity model to remove the dispersion. In this study, the seismic source depth of the Jiuzhaigou M 7.0 earthquake of 8 August 2017 in Sichuan province, China, was determined at 8.2 km by the energy attenuation characteristics of Rayleigh amplitude spectrum.
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