Abstract
Current interest in renewable fuel production is focused on high-performance fuels such as jet fuel because of their premium value in the marketplace. Currently, lower-value fuels such as biodiesel can be obtained using a variety of feedstocks, but contain significant amounts of oxygen, hence lowering their fuel value. In this work, we examined a one-pot catalytic hydrothermal process for the decarboxylation with an activated carbon catalyst of oleic acid as a model compound for free fatty acids. Temperature (350–400 °C), water-to-oleic acid ratio (2:1–4:1, v/v), catalyst, catalyst-to-total feed ratio (0.15–0.75), and residence time (1–2 h) were found to be key factors for removing oxygen from oleic acid. The complete removal of the carboxylic group from the upgraded liquid phase was achieved at 400 °C with a water-to-oleic acid ratio of 4:1 (v/v) and a residence time of 2 h as confirmed by FTIR and 13C NMR results. The pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant was found to follow Arrhenius behavior with ...
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