Abstract
The effects of smoke solutions derived from wheat straw on the germination, seedling growth characteristics, and biochemical content of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) were examined in this study. The smoke solutions were applied to petri and pot media at different concentrations. Both experiments were conducted in a randomized plot design with 3 replications. In the pot experiments, the smoke solutions were applied through the initial irrigation at 5 different concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%) while 6 concentrations were used for petri experiments (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 10%) and results were compared to a control (distilled water). The smoke solutions increased root and shoot growth but decreased the germination rate and speed of grass pea in both media. In general, there were positive outcomes for the investigated traits with moderate concentrations of solution, but negative outcomes with low and high concentrations. The smoke solution treatments improved the shoot dry weighs, K, and protein contents, but decreased the acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents and the toxic component oxalyldiaminopropionic acid (ODAP). Accordingly, the smoke solutions stimulated the development of grass pea and promising outcomes were achieved in terms of high protein and low ODAP contents, which are the main targets of grass pea breeding studies. It was concluded, based on the present findings, that smoke solutions derived from wheat straw could be used as an environmentally friendly practice in grass pea culture to increase yield and quality. However, it should be kept in mind that concentration was a critical issue for ensuring the expected outcomes.
Highlights
Some crops are highly tolerant to salinity, drought, and other environmental stressors
The greatest germination speed was obtained from the control solution, but it was placed in the same statistical group as 1% and 10% smoke solutions (Figure 2a)
The lowest germination speed was detected with 8% smoke solution
Summary
Some crops are highly tolerant to salinity, drought, and other environmental stressors. Researchers have recently focused on these tolerant crops to ensure agricultural sustainability and food safety under the current trends of global warming and climate change (Massawe et al, 2016). In this sense, grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) has been classified among such tolerant crops. Despite quite a deep history, notable yield stability, protein content, and high adaptation to adverse agricultural conditions (Aletor et al, 1994; Basaran et al, 2016; Zhelyazkova et al, 2016), grass pea cultivation has not been widespread and has even decreased throughout the world (Kumar et al, 2011)
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