Abstract
Artificial light is a pollutant with broad implications for society. Consequently, laws and regulations aimed at curbing the improper use of artificial lighting (i.e., light pollution) are becoming common. For such laws to become effective, light pollution must first be evaluated and quantified. Current methods for evaluating lit environments in sports facilities are only applicable after the facilities have been built, making it challenging to prevent light pollution preemptively. Here, a technique to predict light pollution during the planning stage is proposed. To analyze the upward light generated by the large lights found in sports facilities using a computer simulation, a method of defining a virtual horizontal board above the stadium is proposed. To analyze how light trespasses out of the stadium, a method of dividing and analyzing the space outside the stadium by zone is also presented. In addition, a method to predict the formation of high luminance surfaces under outdoor lighting is presented. The proposed methods are validated on two large sports facilities currently being constructed in Korea. As a consequence, horizontal and vertical illuminances are reduced by 74.5% and 72.2%, respectively. The methods are useful to lighting designers with interest in reducing light pollution.
Highlights
Light pollution occurs when excessive light caused by improper use of artificial lighting or light spillage from an illuminated area interferes with the healthy and comfortable lives of people or damages the environment
The light pollution caused by quantitatively excessive light in areas adjacent to human living areas where light is needed is a huge social problem with broad social implications and, is likely to garner sufficient attention that may result in comprehensive solutions
This study presents a comprehensive methodology to quantify/evaluate light trespass and skyglow caused by stadium facilities and subsequently proposes design solutions for curbing/reducing said light trespass
Summary
Light pollution occurs when excessive light caused by improper use of artificial lighting or light spillage from an illuminated area interferes with the healthy and comfortable lives of people or damages the environment. Sports facilities are generally located near residential spaces and natural green ecosystems, so the harm caused by the light pollution is not negligible. This is not a matter of law and regulation. It is difficult to measure light pollution from media architecture and non-static, self-luminous LED displays [1] For sports facilities, they require various lighting methods, depending on their configuration and scale and the type of sports they are built to house. The methods or techniques used to evaluate light pollution, in general, are based on the measurement of physical light quantities in existing facilities. It would be useful to policymakers tasked to evaluate the appropriateness of lighting schemes relevant to light pollution policies
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