Abstract
Five Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) were used to assess the relationship between inflorescence characteristics and their allelic variation in 53 Brassica oleracea and Brassica wild relatives (n = 9). Curd morphometric traits, such as weight (CW), height (CH), diameter (CD1), shape (CS) inflorescence curvature angle (CA), and its curd stem diameter (CD2), were measured. The aim of the work was to analyze the relationships among the allelic patterns of the SSRs primers utilized, and their status of homo or heterozygosity registered at each locus, as well as the inflorescence morphometric traits in order to individuate genomic regions stimulating the hypertrophy of this reproductive organ. The relationships found explain the diversity among B. oleracea complex species (n = 9) for the inflorescence size and structure, allowing important time reduction during the breeding process by crossing wild species, transferring useful resistance, and organoleptic and nutraceutical traits. The five SSRs loci were BoABI1, BoAP1, BoPLD1, BoTHL1, and PBCGSSRBo39. According to the allelic variation ascertained, we evaluated the heterozygosity index (H) for each SSR above cited. The results showed a significant interaction between the H index of the BoPLD1 gene and the inflorescence characteristics, summarized by the First Principal Component (PC1) (p-value = 0.0244); we ascertained a negative correlation between the H index and inflorescence characteristics, namely CW, CH, CD1, CD2, CA. The homozygosity BoPLD1 alelles, indicated by the H index, affect the inflorescence characteristics and broccoli and cauliflower yields.
Highlights
Brassica crops include several interesting species which are strictly related to crop wild relatives (CWRs) during their domestication process [1]
The inflorescence morphometric variance was detected using data on plant biomorphometric parameters recorded on Sicilian broccoli and cauliflower landraces and their F1 hybrids which show a large diversity among the genotypes
CV 171 Menhir F1 recorded the highest value (10,958 g); landrace curds weighed less than those collected from F1 hybrids and that explain the worldwide diffusion of these genotypes due to their yield
Summary
Brassica crops include several interesting species which are strictly related to crop wild relatives (CWRs) during their domestication process [1]. The Mediterranean region represents one of the main domestication and diversification centers of Brassica genus, in particular in Sicily where the cytodeme is represented by several wild relatives such as Brassica macrocarpa Guss., B. villosa Biv., B. rupestris, and B. incana [2]. The B. oleracea complex species (n = 9) belongs to genome C (n = 9) and it represents the primary gene pool of the Brassica genus. This genus shows high genetic variability due to the genetic self-incompatibility characterizing the landraces and their CWRs and to several domestication processes [4]. Genetic diversity of B. oleracea is shown by the several varieties obtained by different domestication processes in a number of geographic areas which include broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, savoy cabbage, and Brussel sprouts
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