Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious disease of cattle endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional sero-geospatial survey was conducted to assess the CBPP sero-geospatial burdens among estimate at-risk sero-positive cattle in nomadic and sedentary pastoral cattle production systems of north-central Nigeria, between January and August 2013. A total of 765 cattle in 125 nomadic herds and 375 cattle in 125 sedentary herds were sampled. Sera were analysed using c-ELISA. OpenEpi version 2.3 was used for statistical analyses. Geo-coordinates of herds were taken using Garmin GPS, while ArcGIS 9.3 was used to map geospatial data of sero-positive cattle and herds in the agro-geographical zones. In nomadic production, 16.2 % (95 % CI 13.7 to 19.0.) cattle were sero-positive in 47.2 % (95 % CI 38.2 to 56.3) herds. And the sedentary system had 9.6 % (95 % CI 6.9 to 12.0) sero-positive cattle in 27.2 % (95 % CI 19.6 to 35.9) herds. Agro-geographical zone A was more likely (OR 3.42; 95 % CI 1.90, 6.15) to have significant impacts on cattle-level sero-geospatial burden than Agro-geographical zone B. Also, Agro-geographical zone C was more likely (OR 5.14; 95 % CI 2.91, 9.08) to have significant impacts on cattle-level sero-geospatial burden than Agro-geographical zone B. The developed GIS CBPP risk maps showed various densities of its burdens in the agro-zones. The visualized proportional circle maps presented GIS usefulness in the active surveillance of CBPP, and if used in conjunction with sero-diagnosis, the maps would aid policymakers with practical imageries for livestock disease control decisions in pastoral cattle herds.
Highlights
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an important infectious and contagious disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa, caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) (Manso-Silván et al 2009; Tardy et al 2011)
It was apparent from the background proportional circle map imagery that herds at risk of CBPP were more serospatially distributed in Agro-geographical zones C and A than in Agro-zone B (Figure 2)
This study has shown that Geographical Information Systems (GIS) techniques can be used to provide descriptive quantitative proportional circle maps of CBPP burden, which are useful for promotion of surveillance of the disease in pastoralists’ settlements of Nigeria
Summary
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an important infectious and contagious disease of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa, caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) (Manso-Silván et al 2009; Tardy et al 2011). The disease is transmitted by direct contact between infected and susceptible cattle (Tambi et al 2006; Vilei and Frey 2010). Once it is introduced into a naïve cattle herd, it CBPP is regarded as the most serious infectious disease affecting cattle in sub-Saharan Africa (Amanfu 2009; Marobela-Raborokgwe 2011) and impacts animal health and poverty of livestock-dependent people, especially the livestock pastoralists, through decreased animal productivity, reduced food supply for households, and the cost of control measures (Windsor 2000; Tambi et al 2006; Jiuqing et al 2011). The disease constitutes a barrier to trade in many African countries due to reduction in the value of livestock and the income of many value chain stakeholders (Nicholas et al 2008; Jores et al 2013).
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