Abstract
ABSTRACTIn this study, remote sensing and numerical modelling were used to monitor the distribution of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations induced by a reclamation construction of an offshore artificial island airport in China’s Bohai Sea. A hydrodynamic model and a water quality model were used to simulate the SPM diffusion under the actions of tides and currents. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was then developed based on HJ-1A/1B satellite and measured SPM concentrations. The obtained main results are as follows: (1) The dispersion area of SPM with a concentration higher than 10 mg/l obtained by the numerical model was approximately 105.15 km2; (2) The developed ANN model provided an excellent relationship between the measured and retrieved SPM concentrations, with R2 = 0.97 and mean relative error (MRE) of 30%, at the model validation phase; (3) The SPM distribution obtained by the numerical model showed a qualitatively similar pattern with that obtained by the ANN model, indicating the modelled SPM distribution was credible. Thus, when the distribution of SPM concentrations cannot be derived from the satellite images due to weather conditions, the numerical model can be used to simulate the SPM distribution in the sea area around the construction.
Highlights
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) induced by offshore constructions can lead to substantial changes in marine environments (He, Hu, & Hu, 2014; May, Koseff, Lucas, Cloern, & Schoellhamer, 2003; Pugliese, Dentale, & Reale, 2011)
Remote sensing and numerical modelling were used to monitor the distribution of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations induced by a reclamation construction of an offshore artificial island airport in China’s Bohai Sea
The obtained main results are as follows: (1) The dispersion area of SPM with a concentration higher than 10 mg/l obtained by the numerical model was approximately 105.15 km2; (2) The developed artificial neural network (ANN) model provided an excellent relationship between the measured and retrieved SPM concentrations, with R2 = 0.97 and mean relative error (MRE) of 30%, at the model validation phase; (3) The SPM distribution obtained by the numerical model showed a qualitatively similar pattern with that obtained by the ANN model, indicating the modelled SPM distribution was credible
Summary
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) induced by offshore constructions can lead to substantial changes in marine environments (He, Hu, & Hu, 2014; May, Koseff, Lucas, Cloern, & Schoellhamer, 2003; Pugliese, Dentale, & Reale, 2011). This SPM drifts and disperses gradually under the actions of tides, currents and wind, and the influence range is expanding, which may pose a serious threat to both sea life and water quality. As the launch of the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) in 1973, satellite image data have been used to assess the distribution of SPM concentrations on large spatial scales. Each of the above methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, and combining these methods can effectively display their greatest respective advantages for monitoring the diffusion and distribution of SPM over large areas
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