Abstract
This study was aimed to use pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Rhabditis blumi Sudhaus (Nematoda: Rhabditida) against palm borer Arabian Rhinoceros Beetle (ARB), Oryctes agamemnon arabicus was evaluated in the lab. And date palm orchards during 2015 - 2017. In the lab tests, EPN was used against the larvae and adults as a direct spray and as treated food (pieces of fresh tissue of the frond bases) at a rate of 0, 500, 1000, 1500 Infective Juveniles (IJs) per mL of R. blumi. Results indicated that EPN caused 89%, 61% and 25%, 20% mortality when used as a direct spray and as treated food on larvae and adults of ARB, respectively. Results of field experiments showed that injection of 50 mL per palm tree with a concentration of 1500 IJs/mL of R. blumi inflected about 45.5% mortality in ARB larvae infesting the tree. Meanwhile, the Population density of ARB larvae reduced to 45.8%, 59.6% during the first and second year of treated date palm trees by injection method respectively. The results of this investigation illustrate the possibility of using EPN R. blumi as a biocontrol agent for managing borers in date palm orchards under field conditions.
Highlights
Palm borers, especially Oryctes spp. are considered as an economically important insect pest of date palm trees in Iraq and most adapted to climatic conditions of the region (12 and 4)
Reported that the application of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid against Arabian Rhinoceros Beetle (ARB) larvae resulted in 85.8%, 100% mortality in injection method compared with 75%, 80% in the drench method respectively.Khudair (15) Tested locally isolated entomopathogenic fungi
Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against ARB larvae and reported a high mortality rate among larvae reaching up to100% after 29 days of treatment under lab conditions
Summary
Especially Oryctes spp. are considered as an economically important insect pest of date palm trees in Iraq and most adapted to climatic conditions of the region (12 and 4). Many control methods have been used through different application methods: spray, drench and injection (5, 88, and 11) against to date palm pests. Reported that the application of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid against ARB larvae resulted in 85.8%, 100% mortality in injection method compared with 75%, 80% in the drench method respectively.Khudair (15) Tested locally isolated entomopathogenic fungi. Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against ARB larvae and reported a high mortality rate among larvae reaching up to100% after 29 days of treatment under lab conditions. Entomopathogenic nematodes will only be widely used as pest control products when they become available on demand by the different clients, commercial growers and small farmers (16). Khalaf (14) Tested entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), Rhabditis blumi, and the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), Beauveria bassiana as biocontrol agents against larvae and adults of ARB, O
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