Abstract
All kinds of mutagenic factors may cause physiological, biochemical and genetic changes of all organisms. To characterize their characteristic biology effects, the concept of Relaxation Time (RT) was introduced for the first time, and the specific process was as follows. After mutation of organisms, the offsprings will be continuingly cultured (or cultivated) to the next generation (Rx). Once a biological effect began to show no significant difference compared to the untreated controls, the Rx was defined as the RT of the effect. In this paper, three kinds of mutagenic factors were selected to treat the seeds or seedlings of Astragalus sinicus L., subsequently, the corresponding RT was calibrated. The results showed that the RT was diverse not only among different biological effects but also among different mutagenic factors. For the RT of chemical mutagens and gamma rays, most of which are concentrated on R1, whereas the heavy ion beams have significant differences among different tracks. Among biological effects, the SOD activity and superoxide anion free radical content in the Peak region are more prominent, and their RT reaches R3 and R4, respectively. Thus, the RT may characterize the characteristic biological effects from differently mutagenic factors.
Highlights
All kinds of mutagenic factors may cause physiological, biochemical and genetic changes of all organisms
Starting from the raw data, compared with the respective control, the difference of germination potential (GP1) or germination percentage (GP2) was more than 15% and the difference of SOD activity, superoxide anion free radical content (SAFAC) or biomass per plant (BPP) reached a level of p ≤ 0.05, which was listed as a significant difference, and the statistical results were shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 as follows
For the SOD activity, R0 (i.e., Relaxation Time (RT) = R1) at all doses and R 1 (i.e., RT = R2) at high doses showed significant differences compared with controls (p = 0.05)
Summary
All kinds of mutagenic factors may cause physiological, biochemical and genetic changes of all organisms To characterize their characteristic biology effects, the concept of Relaxation Time (RT) was introduced for the first time, and the specific process was as follows. We selected three kinds of common mutagens, such as gamma-rays, med-high energy heavy ion beams and chemical mutagens, to treat the seeds or seedlings of Astragalus sinicus L., respectively. Stages, and used stable generations (Rx) as the RT to characterize the characteristic biological effects of mutagens Those seeds were irradiated using doses of [20, 100], and 200 Gy by gamma rays (i.e., 60Co) and 80 meV/u carbon ion beams, respectively; whereas chemical mutagens treated seedlings using three concentrations of alkylating agent diethyl sulfate (DES) and base analogue maleyl hydrazine (MH), respectively
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