Abstract
Objective: This study involves application of Geographic Information System (GIS) technique for assessment of the groundwater quality using the features and working of the GIS software for plotting the geospatial data which is very useful in monitoring the groundwater quality for effective management. The groundwater quality in the Gorakhpur district has special significance and needs great attention of all concerned because it is the only source of water for industrial, domestic and irrigation water supply. Method: The groundwater samples were collected manually from the available water sources from 150 locations distributed in Gorakhpur city. Quantum GIS was used for WQI & spatial-distribution data maps of 150 Samples. WQI and weighted overlay maps were produced, which provide a better understanding of the existing water Quality Scenario of Gorakhpur City. WQI classifies water into five categories that are Excellent, Good, Poor, Very Poor & Water unsuitable for drinking purposes. The weighted overlay maps were created in the study area from the spatial distribution of seven water quality parameters. Finding: Quality analysis of the drinking water such as spatial distribution maps of individual water quality parameters, Water Quality Index was found and various stress zones in Gorakhpur City were identified. According to WQI, out of 150 samples, only 3 samples were found of Poor Ground Water for drinking purposes sampled inwards Purdilpur (Ward 42), Dilejakpur (Ward 38) and Alhadadpur (Ward 55) with WQI of 103.54, 100.17 and 100.11, respectively. The best water sample is that whose WQI is the least. Shaktinagar (Ward 37) was found to have the best results with a WQI of 59.05 i.e., good water. None of the samples were found as ‘Excellent’. Novelty: This study proposed a concept of assessment and categorization of the groundwater quality based on WQI, which took 7 parameters into consideration so that proper steps of monitoring, and management can be done to stop the deterioration of the quality of water. Keywords: Ground water; Water Quality Index (WQI); Weighted Overlay; GIS; IDW Surface Interpolation; Spatial Distribution
Highlights
Groundwater quality is governed by Chemical, biological and physical parameters
120 sample data were tested, and the result was used for spatial distribution and weighted overlay analysis and mapping using Quantum Geographic Information System (GIS) (QGIS) software
The observed values are within the permissible limit, so the water quality is safe
Summary
Groundwater quality is governed by Chemical, biological and physical parameters. It is less prone to biological pollution than surface water which is always in contact with soil, rocks and foreign materials. Freedom from biological pollution itself does not make it eligible for drinking purposes. Various materials and minerals could be present in it either in the dissolved or dispersed form. These materials and minerals are very hard to detect from the naked eyes and most of it doesn’t affect the human body are even beneficial up to some extent. Some of them are highly toxic and if taken in higher concentration could be fatal for the living being
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