Using Principal Component Analysis to Estimate a High Dimensional Factor Model with High-Frequency Data

Abstract

This paper constructs an estimator for the number of common factors in a setting where both the sampling frequency and the number of variables increase. Empirically, we document that the covariance matrix of a large portfolio of US equities is well represented by a low rank common structure with sparse residual matrix. When employed for out-of-sample portfolio allocation, the proposed estimator largely outperforms the sample covariance estimator.