Abstract
Objective: The efficacy of anlotinib as a treatment for head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been little explored. Here, we used patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) to this end. Methods: Fresh tumor tissues of HNSCC patients were screened in terms of in vitro drug sensitivity using the MTT assay. Patient PDXs were used to confirm the anti-tumor effects of anlotinib in vivo. After the medication regimen was complete, the tumor volume changes in mice were calculated. Apoptosis was measured using the TUNEL assay. The cell proliferation and apoptosis levels of PDXs yielded data on the utility of anlotinib treatment in vivo. Results: Anlotinib suppressed the in vitro proliferation of nine tumor tissues by an average of 51.05 ± 13.74%. Anlotinib also significantly inhibited the growth of three PDXs in mice (tumor growth inhibition 79.02%). The expression levels of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen after anlotinib treatment were significantly lower than those in the controls. The negative and positive controls exhibited no and some apoptosis, respectively, whereas the anlotinib group evidenced extensive apoptosis. Conclusion: Anlotinib suppressed HNSCC growth in vitro and in vivo (by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis), suggesting that anlotinib can potentially treat HNSCC.
Highlights
Head-and-neck cancers arise from the mucosal surfaces of the oral and sinonasal cavities, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx
Tumor samples from nine head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) patients were cultured in vitro at 37°C under 5% (v/v) CO2 (Table 1)
Because drug inhibition rate >30% was regarded as an indicator of drug sensitivity, anlotinib treatment presumably resulted in significant tumor suppression in vitro
Summary
Head-and-neck cancers arise from the mucosal surfaces of the oral and sinonasal cavities, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. Such cancers constitute the seventh most common cancer group worldwide (3% of all malignancies in 2018) [1]. Over 90% of such cancers are head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), with over 890,000 new cases and 450,000 deaths reported annually in the United States [1, 2]. Using Anlotinib to Treat HNSCC confirmed to contribute to oropharyngeal carcinoma development, especially in young males [5]. Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and combination therapy have been used to treat HNSCC for decades, the prognosis remains unsatisfactory [6, 7]
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