Using Multiple-Phase Nozzles to Produce Water Droplets for Removing Smaller Dust Particles of Below MRT-BTS Saphan Khwai Station in Bangkok Thailand

Kittichai Duangmal,Surat Bualert,Kasem Chunkao

doi:10.5539/mas.v8n4p174

Abstract

The research is intentionally aimed to employ the multiple-phase nozzles to produce the 10-micrometer water droplets in gas form to remove less 100-micrometer smaller dust particles by agglomeration process inside street tunnel on heavy traffic point sources at sky train MRT-BTS Saphan Khwai station in Bangkok. The four sets of 100-m hoses with 52 multiple-phase nozzles (208 nozzles) were established on 100-m beams (four beams), which are 21-m wide (5-m apart) and 5.575-m high, and connecting with high pressure pump (1,000 lbs/min) to press clean water 0.076 liters/min through the 10-micrometer orifice nozzles. The spraying time was about every 10 minutes during collecting TSP and PM10 dust by Hi-Volume Air Sampler on five periods of 05:00-08:00, 08:00-11:00, 11:00-14:00, 14:00-17:00, and 17:00-20:00 for 5-consecutive days, 30 November to 4 December 2008. Also, the air temperature, actual vapor pressure, and speed-direction wind measured at 1.5 and 5.0 meters in height underneath of the ceiling and above the roof of MRT-BTS Saphan Khwai station. Results found that the multiple-phase nozzles showed effectiveness to remove the smaller 100-micrometer dust particles underneath of MRT-BTS Saphan Khwai station by spraying 10-micrometer water droplets through 10-micrometer orifice nozzles. The decreasing concentration of TSP northerly 30.25 %, southerly 26.21 %; and also for PM10 northerly 39.96 %, southerly 40.39 %. Moreover, the concentration between street tunnel and northerly were decreased in both TSP (30.38%) and PM10 (40.17 %), and southerly were decreased in both TSP (30.05%) and PM10 (40.88 %). In case, on the central line effects between street tunnel and northerly found the decreases of TSP (30.64%) and PM10 (37.65%), southerly decreases of TSP (33.71%) and PM10 (43.78%). An increase of the 10-micrometer water droplets spraying frequency through multiple-phase nozzles (208 nozzles) is expected to gain more decreasing concentration down to under standard values. In addition, an applying the concentration of smaller 100-micrometer dust particles is useful for setting the automatic pumping operation that would be acceptable to the public.

Highlights

Air pollution in Bangkok has been accused more than standard since the year of 1970 due to extremely explode the population and inconsequently increasing vehicles that produce more concentration of hazardous gases such as carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, aerosols, and suspended dust
Accordance with total suspended particles (TSP) and PM10 dust were measured at two level on the Paholyothin road surface, at 1.5 and 5.0 meters, at zone A, zone B (100-m street tunnel, Saphan Khwai), and zone C for 24-hour measuring between 05:00 am of the 30 November 2008 to 20:00 pm of 4 December 2008
The measuring time was rather short, it implied the vital breakthrough on how TSP and PM10 dust moving inside and vehicle entrance-exit street tunnel which could be a lesson learnt for solving urban air problem of at least 5 mass rapid transit (MRT) routes in Bangkok, Thailand

Summary

Introduction

Air pollution in Bangkok has been accused more than standard since the year of 1970 due to extremely explode the population and inconsequently increasing vehicles that produce more concentration of hazardous gases such as carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, aerosols, and suspended dust. The air pollutant constituents seemed serious impacts on human health and another environments in Bangkok mega city, the real event was not shown in the same trend because the high actual water vapor as contained in the atmosphere and long-period rainy season could catch up with those pollutants falling down to the earth surface. It is remarkable of long-term records found www.ccsenet.org/mas. For serving research need and ONEP requirement, the Saphan Khwai MRT-BTS station was selected due to more amount of PM10 suspended dust than the other stations as recorded in approved EIA final report

Methods

Results

Conclusion