Abstract
The following analysis is based on a multidimensional understanding of poverty using a nonmonetary basic needs approach. It is ground on data from the first survey on household living conditions for poverty assessment, conducted by the National Institute of Statistics of Congo in 2005. Multiple Correspondence Analysis is applied to construct a composite indicator by aggregating several attributes likely to reflect the poverty of individuals or households. The application shows that Congolese households are not affected by the same type of poverty. Three types of non-monetary poverty are identified: infrastructure poverty, vulnerability of human existence and poverty of comfort. These households were then classified according to the composite indicator of Poverty. The results show that the incidence of poverty corresponds to the weight of poor class of about 70.67%.
Highlights
Poverty is a complex phenomenon, a multidimensional state that is cultural, economic, social and political
Multiple Correspondence Analysis is applied to construct a composite indicator by aggregating several attributes likely to reflect the poverty of individuals or households
The results show that the incidence of poverty corresponds to the weight of poor class of about 70.67%
Summary
Poverty is a complex phenomenon, a multidimensional state that is cultural, economic, social and political. According to Alkire [1], “poverty can go hand in hand with poor health, insufficient education, low income, precarious housing, difficult work, food insecurity, loss of political responsibility” Each of these states reflects a particular aspect of individual deprivation and taken together; they illustrate the multidimensionality of this phenomenon. The aim is to make a multidimensional exploration of poverty using multiple correspondence analysis from nonmonetary indicators of well-being. With this method, one possibility is to define a composite indicator of poverty by aggregating several attributes or variables likely to reflect the poverty of individuals or households; it is on the basis of this aggregate that the various poverty measures can be made.
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