Abstract
The quality of the cast product is affected by any defects present. The causes of each individual defect are discussed, along with the factors affecting their formation and proposed treatment to minimise the severity of the defect. The following defects and process problems are covered in this chapter: (i) longitudinal cracks, (ii) longitudinal corner cracks, (iii) sticker breakouts, (iv) oscillation marks, (v) transverse cracks, (vi) star cracks, (vii) depressions, (viii) overflows, (ix) entrapment of slag, gas and inclusions, (x) formation of scales on the surface of the steel, (xi) Carbon pick-up by the steel, (xii) SEN erosion and (xiii) fluoride emissions. These defects are discussed from the viewpoint of how the mould powder can help to alleviate the problem.
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