Abstract
This paper presents the characteristics of fly ash which was modified by 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the surfactants after treating with 1M NaOH solution. The change in morphology, specific surface area, crystal structure, and composition of the unmodified and modified fly ash was evaluated by FTIR, XRD, FESEM, BET, and EDX methods and techniques. The FTIR spectra of modified fly ash showed that there was no chemical reaction between the surfactants and fly ash. The XRD patterns and FESEM images indicated that modified fly ash had zeolite structure with a pore size of about 50 nm. Heavy metal ion adsorption behavior as well as adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) of Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions of the unmodified and modified fly ash were also investigated and discussed. The amount of adsorbed ions of the modified fly ash was higher than that of the unmodified fly ash. The calculated results from the adsorption data according to the adsorption isotherm models of the above ions displayed that the Langmuir isotherm model was complied for the Cd2+ adsorption process while the Freundlich isotherm model was fitted for the Hg2+ adsorption process.
Highlights
Application of fly ash (FA, waste product of thermal power plants) as additive/filler or adsorption material is opened and focused on study day to day. e main composition of Fly ash particles (FA) includes inorganic oxides such as SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 and a small fraction of Na2O, MgO, and K2O
In our previous research studies, we investigated modification of FA by vinyltriethoxysilane [20], NaOH and H2SO4 solutions [21]. e treated FA was used for adsorption of Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions. e obtained results confirmed that the FA which was treated by the NaOH solution had a higher adsorption capacity than that by the acidic solution. e NaOH-treated FA modified by organic substances could improve the ions adsorption capacity of FA, leading to the potential application of FA as excellent adsorption materials
E asymmetric, symmetric stretching, and bending vibrations of Si-O group in the FA particles correspond at 1070 cm−1, 793 cm−1, and 460 cm−1, respectively [1, 22]. e peak at 555 cm−11 can be attributed for Al-O group in the FA particles
Summary
Application of fly ash (FA, waste product of thermal power plants) as additive/filler or adsorption material is opened and focused on study day to day. e main composition of FA includes inorganic oxides such as SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 and a small fraction of Na2O, MgO, and K2O. The authors studied on FA as zeolite for removal of heavy metal ions in solution [3,4,5,6] and catalytic [7], hydrocarbon contamination [8], lignite mine [9], oxamyl [10], resorcinol [11], phenol [12], and dye in waste water [13]. E NaOH-treated FA modified by organic substances could improve the ions adsorption capacity of FA, leading to the potential application of FA as excellent adsorption materials. E laboratory investigation results of Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions adsorption uptake from aqueous can be a reliable basic for applying the modified FA in treatment of waste water E change in structure, morphology, composition as well as Cd2+ and Hg2+ adsorption capacity of modified FA was presented and discussed. e laboratory investigation results of Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions adsorption uptake from aqueous can be a reliable basic for applying the modified FA in treatment of waste water
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