Abstract
A mixed integer goal programming model is developed to address the regeneration planning problems of even-aged forests in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The unique aspect of the goal programming formulation is to minimize deviations in scheduled wood product volumes and the size of harvest areas within each time period, as these are important goals for the management area. About 98% of the forests in Turkey are considered even-aged, and 2% are uneven-aged. Therefore, an age class method is used for the planning of even-aged forests. For the areas where this method is applied, reaching the optimal age class structure is the first priority. This involves implementing final harvests (clearcuts) to regenerate an amount of forest area into each age class. To meet the local market’s needs, forest enterprises also require the final yield to be fairly equal each year. Further, it is desired that the harvest area (regeneration area) is relatively equal each year, to address operational considerations. A linear goal programming model is developed to address the problem. The minimization of deviations from both the harvest area and harvest volume targets are incorporated as goals in the objective function of the model. Several scenarios are solved using the extended version of Lingo 16. A scenario with weights of 0.8 for area and 0.2 for volume produces the best results. Here, the total deviation for 20 years is 3.8 ha in area and 2889 m3 in volume. In the actual regeneration plan, the area deviation for 10 years is 54.72 ha (6.2% of total regeneration area), and the volume deviation is 20,472 m3 (9.8% of harvest volume). The model described through this study can be developed further and integrated into forest management planning software and processes used for the planning of even-aged forests in the Mediterranean region.
Highlights
During the last two decades, Turkey has experienced considerable economic, environmental, and social developments which have increased the demands and expectations for forest resources.Until recently, forests have been predominantly the source of wood production, they are viewed as a source of non-wood forest products and provider of ecological and sociocultural services.In line with these developments, Turkey has changed its classical forest management planning model and implemented a functional ecosystem-based planning approach [1]
Modern harvest planning is needed to ensure that a plan of action provided to foresters is efficient from an economic perspective, and that it recognizes as many of the quantifiable management issues as possible to Forests 2020, 11, 744; doi:10.3390/f11070744
An age class method is used for the planning of even-aged forests
Summary
Forests have been predominantly the source of wood production, they are viewed as a source of non-wood forest products and provider of ecological and sociocultural services. In line with these developments, Turkey has changed its classical forest management planning model and implemented a functional ecosystem-based planning approach [1]. Modern harvest planning is needed to ensure that a plan of action provided to foresters is efficient from an economic perspective, and that it recognizes as many of the quantifiable management issues as possible to Forests 2020, 11, 744; doi:10.3390/f11070744 www.mdpi.com/journal/forests.
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