Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs), responding to propranolol hydrochloride (Pr+) and lidocaine hydrochloride (Ld+) cations as the model drugs with potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) as the ion exchanger, were studied. Different drug-polymer solutions were prepared with the model drugs, using different blend ratios of ethylcellulose (EC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). Two different solid dosage forms were used. Polymer films were produced by solvent casting method and drug containing porous cellulose samples were prepared by depositing the drug-polymer solutions onto filter paper substrates. The quality of the electrodes and the release profile of Pr+ and Ld+ were investigated with the potentiometric method. The results were compared to UV spectrophotometry. The electrodes were found to be sensitive, precise and functional with a Nernstian behavior over the range of 1.0 × 10−3–3.1 × 10−6 M (9.2 × 10−4–3.0 × 10−1 mg/mL) and 1 × 10−3–2 × 10−6 M (5.4 × 10−4–2.7 × 10−1 mg/mL) at 25 °C for Pr+ and Ld+ sensitive electrodes, respectively. The dynamic response time for the electrodes was less than 10 s. The Pr+ release from porous filter paper was always higher than its equivalent film formulation. Also, lidocaine had higher and faster release from the samples with higher drug concentration. The comparison of the two analytical methods showed near identical results. The ISEs provided a powerful and flexible alternative to UV method in determination of drug release from porous cellulose substrates in a small scale dissolution testing.
Highlights
Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISEs) have been used for several decades to determine inorganic ions [1,2].Ever since Baum et al [3,4,5] introduced the organic sensitive sensors in the seventies, apart from many studies about their significant role in analytical, environmental, industrial and biological fields, a great amount of research has been done about the application of ISEs in the field of pharmaceutical sciences [6,7,8,9]
As for UV spectrophotometry, the turbidity caused by the formation of suspensions and colloids during dissolution, presence of UV active excipients, narrow detection range, air bubbles in the beam path, and relative poor sensitivity for certain drugs can be problematic [12,13]
The membrane solution consisted of 20% (w/w) of the “dry” part (PVC, O-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), KTpClPB) and 80% of THF as the solvent
Summary
Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISEs) have been used for several decades to determine inorganic ions [1,2].Ever since Baum et al [3,4,5] introduced the organic sensitive sensors in the seventies, apart from many studies about their significant role in analytical, environmental, industrial and biological fields, a great amount of research has been done about the application of ISEs in the field of pharmaceutical sciences [6,7,8,9]. For example Coşofreţ et al [10] studied a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane selective towards various drugs and excipients and in particular for determination of phenytoin in pharmaceutical formulations [11]. It is essential to introduce new technology platforms to develop new approaches and reliable tools for dissolution analysis of a variety of the drug products in different types of drug-delivery systems [14]. In this context, potentiometric methods are promising and may offer many beneficial functional properties
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