Abstract
We are indebted to O’Keefe and Burgess for raising the issue of the use of intracranial recordings to study the human theta rhythm [O’Keefe, J. and Burgess, N. (1999) Theta activity, virtual navigation and the human hippocampus Trends Cognit. Sci. 3, 403–406]1. Such recordings from patients with pharmacologically refractory epilepsy provide a unique opportunity for linking spatially distinct patterns of oscillatory brain activity with performance in behavioral tasks. Our recent work used this paradigm to demonstrate task-dependence of theta oscillations in humans during a virtual maze navigation task2. In their thoughtful commentary on our work, O’Keefe and Burgess raise a number of important questions1. Here we will elaborate on those questions, discuss some additional merits of our approach, and highlight some of its special challenges.
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