Abstract
Water deficit induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, which in turn inhibits plant growth and development. High concentrations of ROS disrupt the osmotic balance in plant cells and alter membrane integrity. Chromosomes carrying structural or regulatory genes must be detected to better understand plant response mechanisms to stress. The aim of our study was to identify Triticum aestivum L. chromosomes involved in early responses to short-term water-deficit stress (1, 3 and 6 h). In the present study, intervarietal substitution lines of drought-tolerant 'Saratovskaya 29' and sensitive 'Janetzkis Probat' wheat cultivars were examined. We studied the biochemical plant response system and conducted an analysis of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase activities, levels of lipid peroxidation and changes in relative water content. Our results determined that the first reaction was a significant increase in guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity. However, the strongest impact on plant responses was found for catalase (CAT), which caused a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. Our findings indicate that chromosomes 5A, 4B, 6B and 7D are associated with early responses to short-term osmotic stress in wheat.
Highlights
Cereals are the primary food source for the growing world population, especially in developing countries [1]
The main trend observed for most of the remaining lines involved an immediate response and an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels within the first hours of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment
Drought-sensitive cultivar JP and lines with the substituted homoeologous group 1 chromosomes showed an increase in LPO after 1 h, which remained at stable levels
Summary
Cereals are the primary food source for the growing world population, especially in developing countries [1]. Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is widely cultivated in every geographical region in the world next to rice and maize [2]. The world’s wheat cultivation area covers 220 million hectares, annually providing approximately 680 million tons of wheat grain [3,4]. From 1980 to 2008, changing climates contributed to global maize and wheat losses of 3.8%. Common wheat responses to short-term water-deficit stress. Drought stress is one of the main limiting factors causing disorders in plant growth and development [6,7]. The duration and intensity of drought events have a significant impact on reductions of wheat yields, which vary from 10 to 90% of potential levels reached under optimum conditions. Additional biotic and abiotic stress factors are generally present [9]
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