Abstract
High-frequency injection (HFI) is widely used for zero-to-low speed self-sensing with machines with inductive saliency. The HFI algorithm uses inductive saliency in the d and q-axes to estimate the permanent magnet (PM) rotor position. Surface permanent magnet synchronous machines (SPMSMs), which are designed without inductive saliency, are not suitable for HFI based self-sensing. In this paper, a method to enable classically designed SPMSMs for HFI based self-sensing at zero-to-low speed is introduced utilizing intentional magnetic saturation under flux-intensifying operation. With properly chosen HFI operating spaces inducing inductive saliency, a smooth startup in the zero-to-low speed region can be achieved. To generalize the idea, a lumped parameter magnetic circuit is developed. The magnetic saturability of fractional slot concentration winding (FSCW) and distribution winding (DW) SPMSMs are compared.
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