Using Indicators to Evaluate Cultural Heritage and the Quality of Life in Small and Medium-Sized Towns: The Study of 10 Towns from the Polish-German Borderland

Robert Knippschild,Wojciech Maleszka,Sławomir Książek,Eva Battis-Schinker,Bettina Knoop,Sarah Al-Alawi,Magdalena Belof,Marta Kukuła,Karolina Gmur

doi:10.3390/su14031322

Abstract

Cultural built heritage (CBH) is one of the most important cultural assets that affect the quality of life (QoL) in cities, and it is especially significant in small and medium-sized towns that lack some other advantages of larger urban centres. However, in quality of life studies, CBH is often neglected or treated superficially. This is probably due to the lack of a universal method developed to study their mutual interdependence based on a set of proven, objective indicators. This paper presents the authors’ attempt to fill this methodological gap by developing a set of indicators that would make it possible to assess the relationship between QoL and CBH. The study focused on historic small and medium-sized towns, located peripherally on the borderlands between Poland and Germany, since it was considered that especially for such towns, the architectural and urban heritage can appear as a crucial factor in improving the quality of life. To develop a comprehensive understanding of the mutual relationship between the phenomenon of QoL and CBH, a triangulation of research methods has been adopted: first, a literature review, where indicators were sought; second, semi-structured interviews and workshops with selected experts; and third, focus-group studies in 10 pilot locations. The analysis yielded quantitative and qualitative indicators in each set, allowing for the measurement of the mutual relationship between QoL and CBH. The set offered a total of 20 indicators developed specifically for small and medium-sized towns, and despite certain limitations, it can be considered universal and can also be applied to other urban centres. Furthermore, the study identified the five distinct spheres in which the relationship between QoL and CBH can be observed and analysed. This typology can be used as a background for deeper studies at specific sites, regardless of their size and location.

Highlights

IntroductionThe socio-economic processes of recent decades, in particular the rise of metropolises, large-scale migration, an ageing society, and economic restructuring, may pose a threat to the development of small and medium-sized towns (SMTs) [1]
The first research objective was to find an answer to the question of whether Cultural built heritage (CBH) is taken into account in studies of indicators of quality of life and, if so, what indicators are used to determine these relationships
The review of the existing literature related to quality of life reveals the need to better recognise and instrumentalise the relationship between quality of life and cultural built heritage

Summary

Introduction

The socio-economic processes of recent decades, in particular the rise of metropolises, large-scale migration, an ageing society, and economic restructuring, may pose a threat to the development of small and medium-sized towns (SMTs) [1]. These trends make such settlements unable to compete on many levels with large urban centres, which are at the heart of development processes. The growing imbalance and polarisation in development between the largest cities and the peripheral areas have been termed the “backwash effect” [2] This places pressure on SMTs, especially those located in the periphery of the largest national centres. The situation is even more critical in countries or regions

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Conclusion