Abstract
Surface water and groundwater interactions play an important role in hydrological cycle in a wetland ecosystem. Understanding its mechanism and interaction magnitude imposes significant effects in wetland protection and management. In this study, a heat tracer method was taken in the Baiyangdian wetland as a case and temperature time-series data were collected for surface water and wetland sediment of 0.2 m, 0.6 m and 1 m respectively in 3 monitor sites. Then, a one-dimensional vertical steady heat transport model was applied to estimate surface water inflows to groundwater. The results showed that the leakage rates were 0.04-0.29 mm/d and had a spatial and temporal variation. In the same monitor site, the leakage rate was higher in winter than it in summer. A total leakage amount for the Baiyangdian wetland was evaluated as 8.61 million m3/d. The surface water leakage resulting from the model was subject to several uncertainties including sediments inhomogeneity and the impact of non-ideal conditions. Despite the uncertainties of the model, when correctly applied, heat tracer method is able to provide detailed information on the spatial and temporal distribution of surface water leakage.
Highlights
Wetland-groundwater interaction is an important component of wetland water and chemical budgets in managed and natural systems [1]
Unlike in a riverine area, wetland surface water and groundwater interactions occur as diffuse seepage in the whole area through the lake bed rather than discrete flow from a point
The conditions are more complicated in a wetland system and heat tracer method is rarely used to quantify wetland surface water and groundwater interactions
Summary
Wetland-groundwater interaction is an important component of wetland water and chemical budgets in managed and natural systems [1]. Heat tracer method has been widely used to study surface water and groundwater interactions in a river system [5]. Unlike in a riverine area, wetland surface water and groundwater interactions occur as diffuse seepage in the whole area through the lake bed rather than discrete flow from a point. The conditions are more complicated in a wetland system and heat tracer method is rarely used to quantify wetland surface water and groundwater interactions. Heat was used as a tracer to characterize and quantify surface water and groundwater exchange in the Baiyangdian wetland. To characterize temperature variations in surface water and lake sediments during summer and winter times; (2) to quantify wetland surface water leakage to groundwater in a point scale; (3) to test the usefulness of the heat method in a wetland system
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