Abstract
The aim of the study is the measuring of changes in the spectral reflectivity water quality, analyzing the seasonal difference of Tigris River within Mosul City in the north of Iraq using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques during the period (2014-2018). For this paper, Satellite images of the 8 Landsat in 2018 for four seasons have been selected in order to study the seasonal changes on the river they took place during 2018. A total of ten sample datasets were taken at the upstream, midstream and downstream along the Tigris River. This research focuses on analyzing the locational variance of reflectance, analyzing seasonal difference, and finding modeling algal amount change. There are distinctive reflectance differences among the downstream, mid-stream and upstream areas. Red, green, blue and near-infrared reflectance values decreased significantly toward the upstream. Results also showed that reflectance values are significantly associated with the seasonal factor. In the case of long-term trends, reflectance values have slightly increased in the downstream, while decreased slightly in the mid-stream and upstream. The modeling of chlorophyll-a and Secchi disk depth implies that water clarity has decreased over time while chlorophyll-a amounts have decreased. The decreasing water clarity seems to be attributed to other reasons than chlorophyll-a.
Highlights
Water is the most precious thing Nature provides to humanity
This is due to the introduction of many pollutants into aquatic ecosystems, in addition to ecological values, which are of high economic importance and their health value is of great importance [5, 7]
Ten locations were identified using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (Geographic Information System), the spectral reflectivity of the water sites created by Erdas imagines
Summary
Water is the most precious thing Nature provides to humanity. It is the most important in our lives for the preservation of life and is required in all human activities, whether for agriculture, trade, industry, electricity generation or daily use of drinking or whatever [1, 2]. The most common method used to measure the quality of surface water (river, lake, and ocean) is the use of water quality [5, 6]. This is due to the introduction of many pollutants into aquatic ecosystems, in addition to ecological values, which are of high economic importance and their health value is of great importance [5, 7]. The study of the characteristics and behavior of the rivers is difficult, complicated and expensive This is due to the multiplicity of variables affecting the river and its change over time, due to the nature of the sedimentary plane which is the main source of water. The researchers attach importance to the study of rivers in all the hydraulic, hydrological, morphological and geological aspects in order to preserve the natural source and its dynamite [9]
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