Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CPF) is an antibiotic widely used for treating animals and humans; when discarded into the environment, the residues of this drug cause negative effects on human and animal health and the ecosystem. The present study evaluated the application of the new carbon-based material modified with RuNb oxides for H2O2 generation through electrochemical techniques, and using the best-modified material, 5.0 % Ru05Nb95O/C, for CPF degradation. The application of 5.0 % Ru05Nb95O/C for CPF degradation at the current density of 100 mA cm−2 for 120 min resulted in the degradation of approximately 100 % CPF, with the removal of 60 % of total organic carbon. The application of 0.07 mmol L−1 Fe2+ at higher current densities with an increase in degradation time to 720 min led to total carbon removal of approximately 100 %. Lastly, a stochastic model for predicting the time required to obtain high removals of organic matter was proposed and confirmed by long-term degradation experiments.
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