Abstract
Real-world sediments are inherently rough. At high frequencies (greater than 10 kHz) the roughness is typically sufficient to eliminate any coherent reflection at all but very shallow grazing angles. However, simulation results will be shown that demonstrate that an ensemble average of a large number [O(50)] of forward-scattered signals from different regions of a rippled sand/water interface can be used to estimate the flat surface reflection coefficient for the interface. With this validation in hand, a forward scattering experiment carried out during a sediment acoustics experiment in 2004 (SAX04) will be described. The flat surface reflection coefficients derived from this experiment will be compared with predictions using a fluid and a Biot model for the sand sediment. This comparison indicates that a Biot sediment model is a more accurate predictor for the reflection coefficient. [Work supported by ONR.]
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