Abstract
This study was concerned with the short vowels in modern standard Arabic words with Consonant Vowel-Consonant Vowel-Consonant Vowel (CVCVCV) structure, and the long vowels in words with Consonant Vowel Vowel-Consonant (CVVC). Even though there has been a dispute on the precise number of Arabic vowels that exist between language studies, this study used the opinion that the Arabic language has three vowels; the elongation of each vowel gave the other three because this is the opinion of classical Arabic linguists which is the source of the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Studies said that the first and second formant values (F1, F2) can represent the vowels. In this study, the formants were measured using LPC (Linear Predictive Coding), verifying the measurement to see if the measured follows the pattern of formants measurements of the other studies, and the formants were used to investigate the relationship between short and long vowels. Furthermore, the study figured out if the dialect of speakers can affect the values of formants, even if the spoken language is MSA, some statistical measurements were calculated to evaluate the relationship.
Highlights
The sixth most broadly spoken language in the world is Arabic
This study was concerned with the short vowels in modern standard Arabic words with Consonant Vowel-Consonant Vowel-Consonant Vowel (CVCVCV) structure, and the long vowels in words with Consonant Vowel Vowel-Consonant (CVVC)
Even though there has been a dispute on the precise number of Arabic vowels that exist between language studies, this study used the opinion that the Arabic language has three vowels; the elongation of each vowel gave the other three because this is the opinion of classical Arabic linguists which is the source of the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA)
Summary
The sixth most broadly spoken language in the world is Arabic. Nowadays, there are three different kinds of Arabic: Classical, MSA, and many Arabic Dialects. Standard Arabic is the formal language for all Arabic countries It is used for official communications and writing in schools. Formant is a term coined by Ludimar Hermann for the frequencies. He “observed that the spectrum of the decaying elementary wave of a vowel is peaked at a number of frequencies, characteristic of the vowel.” [2] In other words, a formant is a concentration of acoustic energy around a particular frequency in the speech wave. This study measures the F1 and F2 for Arabic short and long vowels from MSA words with a CVCVCV pattern, and compares the results with some old studies and investigates if the nationality/dialect can affect the formant results
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