Abstract
Forensic science plays a crucial role in the examination of crime scenes and the collection of evidence, including items such as garments, cigarette remnants, and biological samples, to scientifically establish a suspect’s culpability. DNA testing in cases of assault and homicide is instrumental in verifying the identity of the victim. This evidence significantly aids in expediting both the investigative process and judicial proceedings. However, forensic science is not without its limitations and inherent constraints. Therefore, initial investigators, including the Crime Laboratory Ultimate Evidence System team and forensic specialists, must be aware of these limitations when collecting and analyzing samples to avoid inaccurate findings. Erroneous outcomes can result from inadequate sample sizes, improper collection techniques, or delayed analyses. The enforcement of standardized procedural protocols is essential; without them, the legal admissibility of forensic evidence to conclusively establish guilt is compromised. Consequently, the judiciary may acquit the defendant, extending the benefit of the doubt. This article examines the role and limitations of forensic science within the Indian Criminal Justice System and emphasizes the necessity of adhering to established procedures to obtain reliable results.
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