Using forensic geochemistry via fish otoliths to investigate an illegal fish introduction

Abstract

Illegal fish introductions create some of the most challenging problems for resource managers because of their potential to harm existing recreational fisheries and their impact on species of conservation concern. Determining the origin of a suspected illegal fish introduction can aid managers in preventing the colonization and subsequent ecosystem impacts of introduced species. In this study, we used forensic geochemistry via fish otoliths to investigate an illegal walleye (Sander vitreus) introduction in Swan Lake, Montana, which provides critical habitat for threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii). Core to edge geochemical profiles of 87Sr/86Sr and Sr/Ca ratios in the walleye otoliths revealed that these fish had been introduced to Swan Lake within the past growing season, and their geochemical signature matched that of walleye sampled from Lake Helena, Montana, located 309 road kilometres away. This research highlights application of a tool fisheries managers can use to identify the natal waterbody source of illegally introduced fish.