Abstract
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) offer unique windows into the cognitive processes underlying human-machine interaction. Identifying and analyzing the appropriate brain activity to have access to such windows is often difficult due to technical or psycho-physiological constraints. Indeed, studying interactions through this approach frequently requires adapting them to accommodate specific BCI-related paradigms which change the functioning of their interface on both the human-side and the machine-side. The combined examination of Electroencephalography and Eyetracking recordings, mainly by means of studying Fixation-Related Potentials, can help to circumvent the necessity for these adaptations by determining interaction-relevant moments during natural manipulation. In this contribution, we examine how properties contained within the bi-modal recordings can be used to assess valuable information about the interaction. Practically, three properties are studied which can be obtained solely through data obtained from analysis of the recorded biosignals. Namely, these properties consist of relative gaze metrics, being abstractions of the gaze patterns, the amplitude variations in the early brain activity potentials and the brain activity frequency band differences between fixations. Through their observation, information about three different aspects of the explored interface are obtained. Respectively, the properties provide insights about general perceived task difficulty, locate moments of higher attentional effort and discriminate between moments of exploration and moments of active interaction.
Highlights
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) are defined as a special subclass of Human Computer Interfaces
To be relevant for examining interactions, information extracted from the combined analysis of EEG and Eyetracking needs to provide valuable information about the considered interaction
To remain useful across a wide variety of interfaces, the methods used to access this information need to be applicable in many different situations
Summary
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) are defined as a special subclass of Human Computer Interfaces. They take the user’s brain activity as input to either actively generate commands or passively monitore the user’s state. One component focuses on data originating from the user (e.g., brain activity) and the other on data from the system (e.g., currently displayed stimuli). To ensure adequate BCI performance, brain activity has to be analyzed relative to interaction-relevant moments of interest (e.g., input events or received feedback). This is done to correctly associate cognitive processes detectable in the brain activity with corresponding actions performed during interaction.
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