Using Facebook for Qualitative Research: A Brief Primer.

Daschel Franz,Alan R Teo,Heather Elizabeth Marsh,Jason I Chen

doi:10.2196/13544

Abstract

As Facebook continues to grow its number of active users, the potential to harness data generated by Facebook users also grows. As much of Facebook users’ activity consists of creating (and commenting on) written posts, the potential use of text data for research is enormous. However, conducting a content analysis of text from Facebook users requires adaptation of research methods used for more traditional sources of qualitative data. Furthermore, best practice guidelines to assist researchers interested in conducting qualitative studies using data derived from Facebook are lacking. The purpose of this primer was to identify opportunities, as well as potential pitfalls, of conducting qualitative research with Facebook users and their activity on Facebook and provide potential options to address each of these issues. We begin with an overview of information obtained from a literature review of 23 studies published between 2011 and 2018 and our own research experience to summarize current approaches to conducting qualitative health research using data obtained from Facebook users. We then identify potential strategies to address limitations related to current approaches and propose 5 key considerations for the collection, organization, and analysis of text data from Facebook. Finally, we consider ethical issues around the use and protection of Facebook data obtained from research participants. In this primer, we have identified several key considerations that should aid health researchers in the planning and execution of qualitative studies involving content analysis of text data from Facebook users.

Highlights

Social media platforms provide an information-rich opportunity to reach diverse populations that would otherwise be difficult to identify
Numerous studies ranging in topic from psychopathology [7,8] and chronic physical illnesses [9,10] to substance use [11,12] have incorporated data from Facebook, recruited from and included Facebook users as study participants [13,14], or conducted behavioral interventions on the Facebook platform [12]
We explore the opportunities, as well as potential pitfalls, of conducting qualitative research with Facebook users and their activity on Facebook

Summary

Introduction

Social media platforms provide an information-rich opportunity to reach diverse populations that would otherwise be difficult to identify. Because of the nature of Facebook data, qualitative research methods may require additional adaptation to best capture the visual, virtual, and textual interactions on social media with accuracy [20]. In this primer, we explore the opportunities, as well as potential pitfalls, of conducting qualitative research with Facebook users and their activity on Facebook. To determine current approaches to the use of qualitative data on Facebook, we performed a literature search in April 2018 for papers that used qualitative methods to analyze user-generated Facebook text related to health topics (ie, any acute or chronic disease including substance abuse disorders). Others’ posts to your timeline Posts that others generate on the user’s timeline

Limitations

Findings

Conclusions