Using Environmentally Friendly Technologies in the Production of Soybean Grain

Abstract

The problems of increasing soybean production in Russia’s Amur oblast through the optimization of the structure of sown areas, enhancement of the material and technical basis, restoration of soil fertility, and the use of other techniques are considered. The obtained data on the chemical composition and nutrient value of the noncereal part of the soybean yield confirm the high fodder advantages of chaff (0.56 fodder units), which should be used in animal husbandry, while the straw should be chopped and covered with the soil. Taking into account significant differences in the structure, thickness, and stiffness of soybean stalks compared to grain crops, a design of a grinding device has been developed and proposed. This device is provided with rotary cutting elements of a segment type, placed double-thread-wise along the helix and along the entire length of the shredding drum at an angle of 36°; these cutting elements rotate in a vertical plane and alternately interact with shearing segments, which are rigidly fixed on an adjustable beam. Due to the uniform action of the cutting elements, this grinding device, IRVS-1200, allows for reducing the cost of power for grinding and provides high-quality grinding and uniform distribution of chopped straw on the field surface. When using this grinding device on the combine harvester with reapers over 6 m wide, it is necessary to increase the air flow rate to 7 m/s by increasing the rotation frequency of the shredding drum up to 40 s–1 and the angle of installation of the guiders to 70°. Embedding of chopped straw into the soil by disking or cultivation improves the structure of the soil and increases the fertility and productivity of grain crops and soybean.